Makar Sankranti: A festival of gratitude, prosperity, and renewal

Team Udayavani, Jan 13, 2025, 4:08 PM IST

Makar Sankranti, also known as Uttarayana, is a significant Hindu festival celebrated with fervor across India and beyond. Falling on January 14 annually (or January 15 in leap years), this occasion marks the sun’s transition from Sagittarius (Dhanu) to Capricorn (Makara) in the zodiac. This celestial event also signifies the sun’s northward journey, bringing longer days and a sense of renewal and positivity.

Makar Sankranti is dedicated to Surya, the solar deity, symbolizing energy, vitality, and a new beginning. The festival is deeply rooted in India’s agricultural heritage, as it coincides with the harvest season. It is a time when farmers reap the rewards of their hard work, making it a celebration of gratitude and prosperity.

This festival is also marked by spiritual observances, with people offering prayers to the sun, Vishnu, and Lakshmi, seeking blessings for health, wealth, and happiness. Many devotees take holy dips in rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and Godavari, believing it purifies the soul and washes away past sins.

Makar Sankranti is celebrated under various names across India, each region adding its unique cultural flavor:

• Andhra Pradesh & Telangana: Known as Sankranthi or Peddha Panduga, it involves colorful rangoli, kite flying, and traditional sweets.
• Tamil Nadu: Pongal, a four-day harvest festival, features the preparation of sweet rice dishes and offerings to the sun god.
• Punjab: Maghi Sangrand is marked by bonfires and folk dances like bhangra and giddha.
• Gujarat: Known as Uttarayana, the skies come alive with vibrant kites during the famous kite festival.
• Assam: Magh Bihu is a celebration of feasting, community gatherings, and traditional games.
• Maharashtra: Families exchange tilgul (sesame and jaggery sweets) with the phrase, “Tilgul ghya, god god bola,” symbolizing sweetness in relationships.

Internationally, the festival is observed as Songkran in Thailand, Thingyan in Myanmar, and Mohan Songkran in Cambodia, showcasing its cultural reach.

Makar Sankranti is synonymous with community and joy. Key traditions include:

1. Kite Flying: The festival sky becomes a canvas of vibrant kites, symbolizing the spirit of freedom and ambition.
2. Special Foods: Delicacies like tilgul, pongal, khichdi, and laddoos made from sesame seeds and jaggery are prepared, reflecting the season’s harvest.
3. Bonfires and Social Gatherings: In regions like Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, people light bonfires and gather to celebrate togetherness.

The transition of the sun during Makar Sankranti heralds optimism, warmth, and growth. Known as Uttarayana, this period is considered highly auspicious in Hindu traditions. It symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness, hope over despair, and knowledge over ignorance.

Makar Sankranti is more than a festival; it is a celebration of life, nature, and unity in diversity. As we honor this age-old tradition, let us embrace the values it teaches—gratitude, generosity, and harmony. This Sankranti, may the blessings of Surya bring prosperity and happiness to all.