Could homemade masks help stop infected people spreading virus?

Team Udayavani, Mar 31, 2020, 9:02 PM IST

Is a homemade mask better than nothing at all?

With an unknown number of asymptomatic virus carriers, some experts are advising people to fashion their own face coverings to prevent them from spreading the disease.

As health workers across the world struggle to get protective equipment and stocks dwindle, health organisations have stressed that there is little scientific evidence to show that masks are effective at preventing healthy people catching COVID-19.

But some experts say they could be useful as a barrier to stop those infected, particularly those without symptoms from contaminating others through the tiny respiratory droplets emitted when they cough, sneeze, talk or even breathe.

“It only works if everyone wears (them), and if everyone does, you only need a very basic mask, because a piece of tissue can block it,” said KK Cheng, director of the Institute of Applied Health Research at Birmingham University. “It’s not perfect, but that’s much better than nothing.”

There is scant evidence on the effectiveness of do-it-yourself face coverings, however.

“It’s not clear whether homemade masks would reduce transmission, there has been very little scientific research on this topic,” Benjamin Cowling, epidemiologist at the University of Hong Kong, told AFP.

One 2013 Cambridge University study looked at a scenario of an influenza pandemic and subsequent shortage of surgical masks.

Volunteers were tasked with making their own masks from cotton t-shirts for the research, which found that improvised masks might reduce the likelihood of infection, but not eliminate the risk.

“Our findings suggest that a homemade mask should only be considered as a last resort to prevent droplet transmission from infected individuals, but it would be better than no protection,” the study said.

Even the doctors who recommend the use of masks, insist they should not be seen as an alternative to the most crucial prevention measures, such as hand washing and social distancing.

World Health Organisation guidelines say that only those who are sick and the people caring for them need to wear masks.

Online tutorials for making your own masks have circulated widely.

While French authorities have stuck to the WHO guidance that healthy people do not need masks, the industry ministry’s standardisation board posted a manufacturing blueprint on Friday.

Prime Minister Edouard Philippe has also said that textile and paper firms would now be encouraged to make masks.

These would not be for medical personnel but for those who would see a mask as a good way of equipping themselves and “reassuring themselves, protecting themselves and fighting against the epidemic”.

Some could even be luxury branded. At the weekend, fashion house Chanel said it was mobilising dozens of its dressmakers to produce masks and gowns and would “start production as soon as the prototypes and raw materials have been approved”.