First real image of blackhole to be unveiled

Team Udayavani, Apr 10, 2019, 5:11 PM IST

New Delhi: Seeing is believing, say space enthusiasts around the world as they eagerly await the first ever true image of a black hole, which could reveal the shape of the mysterious, warped region of the spacetime fabric that has fuelled human imagination and inspired numerous sci-fi movies and literature for generations.

Using data from six telescopes located across the world, the scientists involved in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project have imaged the Sagittarius A*, the black hole located at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy and another massive black hole 53.5 million light-years away in galaxy M87.

The results will be announced at 6.30 pm IST Wednesday.

The gravitational pull of black holes lets nothing out, not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light escape from inside it. This makes imaging a black hole nearly impossible.

Blackholes swallow the surrounding gas, which swirls around in a flattened disk, spiralling into it at speeds close to light. The radiation from this hot whirlpool, however, can be seen.

Scientists have imaged this radiation, expecting to see the shadow of the blackhole against it.

“Basically, in the background light the shadow of blackhole can be seen. This is extremely important because although we had a lot of evidence about the existence of blackhole, but ‘seeing is believing’,” said Sudip Bhattacharyya, Associate Professor at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai.

“If we can directly see that there is something black in the background of light — that is an incredible thing. That would be the direct proof of blackholes,” Bhattacharyya told PTI.

Sagittarius A* has a mass approximately four million times that of the Sun, but it only looks like a tiny dot from Earth, 26 000 light-years away.

To image such a large space object, scientists used a Nobel Prize winning concept called ‘Aperture Synthesis’, described by British astronomer Martin Ryle where data from many small telescopes placed far apart is combined.

The technique, which has been used to make radio images for many decades, provides results similar to using a single telescope as big as the area over which the smaller ones are located.

The ETH project used eight telescopes spread over different locations in the US, Chile, Spain, Mexico, Antarctica, Mexico, Denmark and France to create a result similar to having used an Earth-sized telescope.

“The blackhole itself is like a giant lens. The light coming from behind the blackhole will not come in a straight line, like usual, but bend around its edges,” Bhattacharyya said.

The distribution of the bent light, combine with the shape of the blackhole’s shadow, will give a lot of information about the blackhole and its gravitational properties.

Space ensthusiasts took to Twitter to express their excitement as they count down to the moment.

“I think in human history we are the first generation to see the first ever picture of #Blackhole,” one user wrote.

“This is epic, legendary, totally mind blowing. The inner kid in me is jumping up and down,” another user said.